Youth Violence and Gang Membership in America Essay Example for Free

Youth Violence and Gang Membership in America EssayAbstractYouth strength and its act maturement as an epidemic seems to greatly impact and influence the increasing numbers of umbrage syndicate agentship in cities and states. Without proper suppression of this epidemic, at try callowness are at greater put on the line of committing violent crimes and beginning connexions with groups or becoming active faction members themselves. There is myriad of causes for the link surrounded by jejuneness vehemence and coterie rank that add to the dissipate of annulus membership in cities and states. Most of these reasons are factors much(prenominal) as poverty, lose of kindly espousal, disorganized homes and delinquent behavior. These factors calculated with other(a) problems such(prenominal) as peer pressure, poor academic performance in school and the overall complaisant environment of at fortune early days add to the growing problem of youth personnel and its continued influence on growth in the numbers in gang membership and increase the number of violent crimes committed by youth.In send to reduce the growing numbers of gang membership and rubbish the growing problem of youth violence in cities and states, proper suppression of this epidemic must be accomplished through gang prevention and hinderance programs to teach at risk youths the risk and dangers of crimes, violence and gang membership, harsher juvenile offender laws to deter repeat criminal offenses and gang related activities, more interactional and improved positive home environments to show caring and provide sustainable environment that keeps youth from becoming at risk due to the characteristic of a loving family.After school programs to keep kids involved activities akin sports, and games to keep them off the streets and away from the influence of youth violence and gang membership. This paper testament outline the variant risk and dangers of youth violence and it s impact on the growth and spread of gang membership in cities and states. This paper go away also outline the various efforts, programs and legislations put in place to champion combat, control and suppress the epidemic of youth violence and its influence and impact on the growth of gang membership and crime in cities and states. IntroductionThe captiveion of this proposed reputation on the youth violence, crime and gang membership is to examine explore various reasons that contribute to the link in the midst of youth violence and gang membership and explore how the relationship between youth violence and gang membership tail end cause the spread and growth gang membership and crime in cities and states the results of this get wind leave alone provide important information and insight to the various elements and factors such as poverty, disturbed homes, lack of favorable acceptance etc. and how those factors play a role in youth violence and how youth violence kindle ul timately lead to gang membership and committing crimes of a violent nature for many disorderd or at risk youth, and how without proper suppression of these problems such as providing a more structured community environment for at risk youth, to create positive hitch to deter youth violence and gang membership in cities and states and stricter laws and legislation being implemented to punish youthful or juvenile offenders to encourage positive woofs by at risk youth, this will greatly impact the youth community who will grow up and lead reasoned and productive lives.Problem StatementYouth and gang violence has been an issue for more than two decades. There is myriad of reasons for the link between youth violence and gang membership, most of those reasons or factors such as poverty, lack of social acceptance, disorganized homes and delinquent behavior, continue to impact and influence the majority of lives for at risk youths in cities and states who commit crimes and join gangs. Lack of guidance and social injustices that plague at risk youth place pressures on at risk youth that become overwhelming and the overwhelming majority of at risk youth seem to be giving into these pressures causing them to commit crimes and join gangs so they brook fit in and belong to something that fills the void of the lack social acceptance, provides a home for them no matter how corrupt it is and allows at risk youth to act in uncontrolled delinquent behaviors and this expands youth violence, crime and gang membership to different cities and states helping this epidemic of youth violence and gang membership grow.Through various studies and question it may be possible to realize why so many youth choose violence and gang membership as a way out. just the aim of this study is to find why and how youth violence and crime impact the growing numbers of gang membership and its spread in different cities and states. Is proper suppression and intervention the real solution to c ombating youth violence and crime and the growing numbers of gang membership in cities and states?HypothesisThe growth in youth violence and crime is increasing the numbers of gang membership in cities and states and without proper suppression, this will greatly reduce the youth population who will grow up and lead healthy and productive lives. *Note the positive correlation will show how an increase in the in helpless variable (the growth in youth violence and crime), will cause a decrease in the dependent variable (the youth population who will grow up and lead healthy and productive lives).Background and Literature ReviewYouth and gang violence affects and influences 20-30% of the lives of children and teens. It is an epidemic that seriously impacts and changes the lives of children and teens it causes delinquent behavior, loss interest in school or the need for an education and increase in violent crimes committed by children and teens. The most dysfunctional youth especially th ose who develop anti-social behavior due to abuse, broken homes or lack of peer acceptance and fitting in and who begin experiencing increased levels of conduct disorders are the most at risk for high levels of youth violence and criminal activity that can contribute to likely involvement in gang affiliation or membership (Howell J. C., 2007). 3 Specific kinetics were classified that are relevant in guiding this study and correlates with the subject of serious problems and contributing factors of youth violence and gang membership. One of the dynamics or factors identified in this article contributing to youth violence and gang membership is alcohol and substance abuse juveniles who drink or use drugs like marijuana are 3.7% times more likely to join gangs.The second dynamic or factor is academic problems. Children and teens with learning disabilities contributing to low self esteem are 3.6 times likely to join gangs. Poor academic performance and loss of interest in school corr espond to a 3.1% lay on the line of youths risk for joining a gang. And the third dynamic or factor in this report that is a contributing factor is Family, juveniles or youths in wiz parent families are 2.4% likely to join a gang than those in two parent homes. Poor parental supervision and low parental shackle 9 out of 10 times lead to gang membership (Stephen Johnson and David Muhlhausen, 2005). Five national basic strategies of gang intervention and suppression that correlate with the topic of lack of proper intervention or suppression of youth and gang violence will reduce the population of youth who will grow up to be productive and lead healthy lives, are best expressed and explained in a book by (Malcolm W. Klein, 2006).This book exposes the many ineffective attempts that energise been made to suppress youth gang involvement and the deterrence of youth violence associated with gang membership. This book also examines and identifies community and societal changes that are life-and-death toward the mobilization and effective efforts needed to suppress youth and gang violence. This book also correlates with the topic of increasing numbers of gang members and the spread of localized gangs to other cities and states is becoming a compelling problem for law enforcement, by focusing on the multiple patterns of gang activity and their shifts in populations of different cities and states. And this book examines the governmental responses and financial resources that correlate with the topic of how the spread of gang members to other cities and states has become a compelling problem for law enforcement.SummaryThis study will help increase and enhance the awareness of the existing problems with youth violence, crime and the increasing numbers of gang membership and also add to the body of knowledge that already exist about the dodgy dynamics, influences and impact that youth violence and crime stomach on the growing numbers of gang membership inside cities and states, and how those dangerous dynamics continue to influence and impact the lives of at risk youths and continue to prevent majority of them from have productive and law abiding lives. Multiple research studies have been make on youth violence and crime and how they affect the dynamic of growing numbers of gang membership and corruption in cities and states.But other studies were not done from an in depth look at the overall dynamic of the problem, instead of the belly of the beast of the dynamic being canvass which is youth who are gang members or at risk youth with gang affiliation or connections being explored a through non experimental function controlled measure of self designed questionnaire designed only to explore and distinguish the most at risk factors associated the most serious dangers of youth violence and crime and gang membership the answers obtained from the willing participants in this non experimental design at risk questionnaire will be utilise to deter mine and distinguish differences in illustrious real life experiences and talked up tall tales to gain recognition by a peer review and response of participants so that the differences can be mensural use to calculate how youth violence, crime and gang membership all influence and impact the stability of life for serious at risk youths.Having a non-experimental design such as this will be a beneficial in helping better explain the at risk potential of youths by using a descriptive measure that determine the differences between the participants based on their answers that will really show the depth of who is seriously at risk and who is not.Research DesignThe purpose of this study is determine how and why youth violence and crime so greatly influence and impact the growth and spread of gang membership inside cities and states. This study utilized the quantitative research method and a non- experimental design. A non- experimental design consist of examination relationships between variables without controlling or manipulating subjects and conditions (Maxfield, 2009). This particular research design was chosen for this study because it uses time as a natural experiment and allows casual order to be established, it expands the ways in which the general study can be taken without limits and time restrictions. The measurements of the independent and dependent variables are taken at the like time, and the non experimental design over all is realistic and a better representation of the initial goals of this study by control of extraneous factors statistically that intone the efforts and perceived intentions of this study.Specifically designed questionnaires created by the police detective were designed with 10 in depth but short and easy to answer questions pertaining to youth violence, crime, gang affiliation and actual gang membership. These questionnaires were distributed with the help of acquaintances of the researcher who are inner city counselors in the c ity of Little Rock Arkansas where this study was conducted and the results from this specifically designed questionnaire were used to evaluate the highest at risk potential and for youth who have been in trouble for crimes and who have gang affiliation or have been or who are currently gang members. Using these results a list was created to examine and explore the various type of crimes and gang affiliations or gang memberships existed between the at risk youthful participants and this was used to evaluate the particular part of this population that was chosen for this study.SamplingThe sampling plan for this proposed study consist of non probability sampling, the type of non probability sampling used in this study was convenience sampling the population N= 1000 out of 2 vitamin D possible in the proposed population are accessible and easiest to recruit due to the complex nature of this study convenience sampling was selected because it would be impossible to represent the whole po pulation without preconceived idea and was less time consuming does not require generalization of the whole population just the population under study. 1000 out of 2500 potential participants were chosen based on the highest risk factors of gang violence, gang affiliation and gang membership and that data pecked was used to provide the samples of at risk youth that were chosen for this study.N= 1000 the particular population chosen for this study n= 500 out of the 1000 based on the answers of the questionnaire had been in trouble with the law or had broken the law in some way between the ages of 15 and 17 n= 200 out of the other 500 youthful participants chosen for this study have been or are currently gang members n= 300 confessed or admitted to being a gang member or having been a gang member.Data allurement1000 at risk youth out of 2500 were selected based on risk factors and potential of having been in a gang, having gang affiliation or being in a gang or having committed a c rime the determination of these risk factors and potential were based answers given to the questionnaire distributed by the researcher and his acquaintances that aided in the study the selected population N= 1000 that were selected for the study had the overall highest grossing factors and potential for being machine-accessible with gangs based on their answers the population N= 1000 selected for this study had committed a crime between the ages of 15 to 17, had been known to have gang affiliation as early as 9 to 12 years of age and most had become fully fledged gang members by the age of 15 to 21.It was determined based on the specific answers of the at risk youth participants in this study most came from broken homes, troubles in school, and lack of social acceptance to better understand the dynamic of why the youthful participants of this study were so apt to commit crimes, associate with gangs or become gang members themselves extensive reviews were done of the questionnaires of the selected population chosen for this study since the participating participants refused to do face to face interviews, and it was determined overall that most chose these options in life because they had n other choice and based on statistics associated with youth violence, crime and gang membership obtained from secondary sources tested against the sampling dynamic of this study it was determined that these exterior factors are the reason youth violence and crime is Ideally responsible for the growing numbers of gang membership in cities and states as this study was intended to prove.Data battle array toolsThis study utilized a specifically designed questionnaire that was designed by the researcher and consisted of ten simple but dynamic questions related to involvement in youth violence, committed crimes or participation in crimes, association or affiliation with gangs and actual gang membership or former gang membership. The questionnaire was a good and effective way to co llect data from the total population that participated because based on the answers from total population it made easier to measure the independent and dependent variables crucial to the importance of this study and help calculate the differences in answers to help measure which participants had the highest risk factors for being at risk for crime, gang affiliation and gang membership. This made it possible to choose the sample population that would be used to conduct this study.Ethical IssuesConducting a survey with at risk youth was a challenge on all levels, it had to be made clear by the researcher of this study to the participants that their participation was strictly voluntary so they would not facial expression they were being force to betray any loyalties their possible gang or affiliation with a gang. It was also important for the researcher to make it clear to the participants that no(prenominal) of their answers or information would be shared especially with law enforce ment to ensure trust and maintain a level of participation needed for data collection of the study. It was also important for the researcher to point out to the participants that they did not have to answer any question that made them feel seriously uncomfortable in order to maintain a warm and inviting environment for the participants voluntary participation.An initial consent form was distributed by acquaintances of the researcher who aided the researcher in distributing the questionnaire used in this study that outlined the potential intent of this study, and pointed out it was voluntary with no compensation just a routine study being conducted to better understand the topic under study, affording the participants to back out at anytime they choose (Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects, 2006). And the importance of the study was expressed to the participants how their participation and insight in the study could help other at risk youth from facing the same hardships and adversities they faced or were take over facing allowing a sense of accomplishment to be felt by the participants that would aide in their willingness to participate.Research ConsiderationThe initial concern for reliability and grimness of this study is that the factors and elements of the study will support its initial intent, which was to explain the effects and impact youth violence has on the growing numbers of gang membership in cities and states. And another initial concern of in this area of the study is that the exterior factors will not confound or confuse the initial intent of the study. The core components of the dynamics and risk factors of youth violence crime and how the impact the growing numbers of gang membership was addressed and examined through insightful answers of condition questionnaire and measured and compared through the initial answers of all participants and measured to sample a population for testing using the answers from that ques tionnaire that came from that population selected for this study produced the strengths and weakness viable to be proven by the implementation of this study.The ethical issues of this study would be the dynamic and concern of the overall justification of the study through the proven methods that were used to collect data important the reliability of this study and the question of was the most fair and inviting environment used to conform to the nature of the chosen participants of this study and their rights and insight obtained and used as data respectfully collected in given justice in initial representation of this proposed study.ConclusionThe growth and expansion of youth violence and crime can play dynamic role in the increased numbers of gang membership in cities and states. By providing positive interaction both(prenominal) at home and in communities and giving hope and alternatives to violence and corruption that youth violence ensues upon most youth families and communitie s of at risk youth can deter crimes committed by youth by keeping them involved in various other activities that allow them no time to consider element of delinquency that are normally associated with youth violence and crime.In a unified effort to counter deter this horrible epidemic that plague so many youth in society today it important for parents to be involved and know what is going on in their childs lives as much is possible it is important for teachers and educators to pay close attention to the interest of their students and provide a safe learning environment as well as the parents at home to provides safe and inviting environments so the frustrations of youth does not become so overwhelming that they turn to the alternatives of violence, crime, gang affiliation or potential gang membership that can contribute the serious problems of corruption and violence that is growing and spreading in cities and states across the board in the United States. It is important to consid er without positive reinforcement and interaction provided by parents and surrounding communities at risk youth simply fall into crime, violence and gangs that reduce the number of youth who will grow up to lead healthy and productive lives in society.ReferencesEsbensen, F.-A. (2000). Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 1-8. Howell, J. C. (2007). Realities of Youth Gangs. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 39-45. Howell, P. A. (2004). Strategic Risk-Based reply to Youth Gangs. Juvenile Justice Causes andCorrelates Findings and Implications, 1-4. (2006). Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects. Austin University of Texas- Pan American. Malcolm W. Klein, C. L. (2006). Street Gang Patterns and Policies. New York Oxford University Press. Maxfield, M. B. (2009). Basics of research methods in criminal justice and criminology 2nd edition. Belmont Wadsworth. Stephen Johnson and David Muhlhausen, P. (2005). North American transitional youth gangs Breaking the Chain of Violence. Washington The Heritage Foundation.

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar EssayRhetoric and Power- Examine the ability to fabricate things happen by delivery alone. Rhetoric and Power is a theme well used in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar. Mark Antony deceives the conspirators into believing he is on their side when he discovers them with Julius corpse, Brutus tongue after killing Julius Caesar makes the Romans believe Julius was a bad person, Mark Antonys deliverance after Julius Caesars devastation makes the Romans furious at the conspirators. In the culture two situations we see the point of view the countrymen go from one thing to a completely different thing just by the use of words. all toldow each man render me his bloody hand (III,i,185). Antony convinces the conspirators that he knows they must have had a favorable reason for killing Caesar. He shakes their hands present a gesture of friendship. Well at least thats what he wants them to think. Friends am I with you all, and love you all (III.i, 222).The conspirator s still not fully veritable Antonys trust ask him if they could depend on him. Antony calls them friends and tells them he loves them. Antony is using only words to convince the conspirators he is on their side. not that I love Caesar less but that I loved Rome more (III.ii, 20-21). Brutus tells the countrymen that he loved Caesar but his love for Rome was greater. He tells the Romans that if Caesar were a live they would all be slaves. Brutus tells them that Caesar was too ambitious and thats why he killed him. I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death(III.ii.44-45).Brutus ends his nomenclature by telling the Romans he will sacrifice himself for Rome because of his tremendous love for it. At this point the Romans are all understanding to Caesars death and think that what Brutus did is okay. They all begin to chant for him. When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambi tious (III.ii, 91-93). Mark Antony tells the countrymen of all the good deeds Caesar did that show he wasnt as ambitious as Brutus says he was. The evil that men do lives after them The good is oft inter with their bones(III.ii.75-76). Antony states to the Romans that all the bad things that one does is always remembered, but the good they have done is buried with them. He tells them this because it seems as if the Romans have completely bury everything Caesar has done for them.Then Caesar continues his speech by telling the Romans how many times poor Caesar was stabbed. He tells them how Caesar loved Brutus and that didnt stop Brutus from killing him. Antony makes the Romans believe that everything the conspirators did isnt a good deed but an evil murder. He gets all the Romans against the conspirators all through a speech he made to them. The power to make things happen by words is used a lot through out Julius Caesar. Antonys speech alone led to the death of Brutus, Cassius, an d 100 senators. Brutus speech made the evil act the him and conspirators committed seem like a good deed to the Romans. Antonys deceiving words made the conspirators believe he was on their side.

Attack Tree Model Analysis of Security Breaches

Attack Tree Model Analysis of Security BreachesTHE SUCCESS MISUSES of computing device transcriptions protection breaches increased slightly in 2005, according to the FBI and the Computer Security Institute (CSI). Many tribute issues that apply to large enterprises definitely apply to SMBs, particularly as SMBs become much technologically sophisticated, according to Andrew Kellett, senior research analyst with U.K.-based Butler Group. You dont have to be a particular large organization to have some pretty complex supporting systems in place, he says. (Fred Sandsmark, p11)The above-mentioned stated that there was slightly increase in computers approaching in 2005. As technology evolving, companies entrustingly to spend more money on computer systems to do business activities with their associate and partners.This will increase more and more security breaches on the computer systems.The purpose of this analysis report is to examine the various possible besiege methods to co mpromise the availability of the computers, training and associated resources of a low-toned firm.Research for this report includes an attack corner diagram, showing how the hack crapper compromise the availability of the systems services, associated resources and to access sensitive information done different attack techniques. Each technique is the subset of the different type of attack methods, with possible assumptions bond to each methods, the attack maneuver will be discussed in greater flesh out. ingressThe manager of the Raylee Pte Ltd has recently heard through the media and newspaper publications that there ar numerous threats which could compromise the availability of the computers, information and associated resources. way of Raylee Pte Ltd has decided to hire the security consultant firm Red Alert Security Pte Ltd to undertake a details analysis of its current computer and interlocking state in stray to prevent the hack writers to compromise the availabilit y of the computers services, information and resources. The under-mentions are the electronic engagement and desktop surrounds of the Raylee Pte Ltd.There are six computers and one internal host (for processing orders) in spite of appearance the firm.Each computer encompasses Microsoft Windows 7 and Microsoft 2007Each workstation has been patched with all updates as of March 25th, 2010.The company roles an ADSL 2+ connection amongst all computers. emcee backups are do fortnightly and stored on a DVD spindle name backup1Workstation backups are done bi-monthly and stored on a DVD spindle name backup2Employees have e-mail addresses provided by the Internet Service Provider.Documents are shared amongst employees through a D-Link DNS-323 NASThe router is utilising a default settings and consists of a D-Link DSL G604t.Each workstation is utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious software system remotion Tool.SCOPESecurity consultant of Red Alert Security Pte Ltd will analyse of the com pany current computer system, mesh state and desktop environment in order to prevent the hackers to compromise the availability of the computers services, information and resources. Then the consultant will submit a detail analysis report to the circumspection of Raylee Pte Ltd for recommendationsMETHODOGLYThe security consultant uses a technique known as attack point to identify the best possible options to compromise the availability of the system services, information and resource in the quickest time. Below is the attack tree he comes up with.Compromise The Availability Of Computers, Information And Associated Resources1. Remote entryway RouterD-Link DSL G604t2. Access NASD-Link DNS-3233. 3. Gain Access Internal Server(Processing Orders)Orders)4. divert Password WorkstationsMETHODOLOGYFrom the attack tree in the previous page, each of the sub attack tree will be discussed in more detail.Figure 11. Remote Access Router D-Link DSL G604t1.1 Determine the countersign1.1.1 Lear n give-and-take1.1.2 Use astray know password1.1.3 Dictionary attacks1.1. Determine passwordHacker and cyber criminal will try to particularise the password of the router in order to access the network environment and do whatever they want. We will briefly explain the methods as follows1.1.1 Learn passwordIf the substance abuser has not set new password and is victimization the default which is normally blank.Hackers can easily search online for the manual of the particular wireless router and know the password. Hackers login the wireless router configuration page to change the setting and overthrow the network. For instance, hacker can surf this link http//www.routerpasswords.com/index.aspto get the default password for all the routers.1.1.2 Use widely know passwordThe common use passwords are admin, password, netmail protect, 123456,666666, qwerty, 00000000 and etc. These widely used passwords allow hackers to easily access the router.1.1.3 Dictionary attacksAs the word dict ionary it implies that it is one of the attack techniques use by the hackers to determine its decryption key, password or passphrase by searching the all the words which are usually seven characters or lesser chosen by the user in the dictionary.METHODOLOGYFigure 22. Access NAS D-Link DNS-3232.1 FTP server2.2 Folder File Permission2.3 P2P distribution2.1.1 Bounce Attack2.1.2 Misconfigure2.3.1 File toxic condition2.3.2 Sybil attack2.1 FTP serverMost of the Network Attach Storage device comes with the feature of the FTP serverwhich allows user to transfer or transfer file remotely anywhere. However, this servicecreates a loophole for attacker to retrieve sensitive information and info. The various attack methods on FTP server are discussed as follows2.1.1 Bounce AttackFTP bounce attack is another attacking technique use by the hacker to exploit the ftp protocol so that he can use the PORT command to send request access to the ftp port indirectly to another victim machine which a cts as third party for such request to access the ftp.2.1.2 MisconfigureOne of the common problems is to misconfigure the ftp server which allows users to download and upload the files in the same directory (global/tmp directory) for people to share data with each other. It will create an opportunity for attacker or theft to steal the data or upload virus program to the directory. and then employee will accidentally install the virus program and infect to the computer systems and network.2.2 Folder File PermissionProper folder and file permission must(prenominal) be set according to the employee roles and responsibilities. If there is no permission setting on the files and folder and gives everyone permission to read, write and execute it. Then it will be easily for attacker to retrieve information upon hacking into the company network.2.3 P2P DistributionIt is a peer-to-peer file transfer protocol to allow users each download different pieces of the downhearted file from the or iginal uploader (seed). Users exchange the pieces with their peers to obtain the broken ones which are missing. IT savvy employees can make use of the P2P to download their favourite movies, videos, music and software. Hacker will make use of theP2P attacks to gain access into the network. There are two types of attacks which are file poisoning and Sybil attack.2.3.1 File PoisoningFile poisoning attacks campaign on the data plane and have become extremely commonplace in P2P networks. The purpose of this attack is to replace a file in the network by a fake one and this file will be corrupted and no longer in use.2.3.2 Sybil AttackThe idea behind this attack is that a single malicious identity can present multiple identities, and thus gain control over part of the network. Once the attacker gains the control, he can abuse the protocol in any way he likes.METHODOLOGYFigure 33. Gain Access Internal Server(Processing Orders)3.1 Steal sensitive information from the database3.1.1 Gain acc ess by internet3.1.2 Physical access to the server3.1.3 Access server from workstationOROR3.1.1.1 Monitor network traffic3.1.1.2 Use remote exploit3.1 Steal sensitive information from the databaseSometimes hackers are hired by the competitor to create chaos in the company network and to steal confidential information such as customer data, vendor data, pricing information, new product launch information from the computer systems. There are various methods to steal information from the database and there are as follows3.1.1 Gain Access By InternetAttack corporate network by using internet is becoming more sophisticated as technologies evolving. There is an increase of internet attacks orchestrate by the hackers to strike highly protected targets, to coordinate waves of scripted exploits and/or to conceal the true origin ofan attack.3.1.1 .1 Monitor Network TrafficCyber criminal use network monitor tools to monitor the topical anesthetic area networks or wide area networks. Some of t he network monitoring tools such as Microsoft Network Monitor, Ettercap, TCP Dump and DSniff can be download freely from the internet. This program can intercept and log the traffic passing over the network or part of the network. Once the information is captured by the program, hacker will decodes and analyse its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.3.1.1 .2 Use Remote ExploitThe server is connected to the internet and the operating system is not updated the latest patches, then the cyber attacker will use remote exploit the vulnerability of the system to infiltrated the system to steal the information and sabotage the server by destroy the database and hard disk. Since the server backups are done fortnightly, management will be facing difficulties in recover the data.3.1.2 Physical Access To The ServerDue to the space constraint, sometime the server share space with someones cubicle or office.This creates an opportunity for an attacker who able to acces s files and other data by removes the hard disk, and then attaches it to another computer. He can also use third-party operating system CD to start the computer and steal corporate data or insert USB drive to inject virus into the system.3.1.3 Access Server From WorkstationCyber attacker is not limited to hack into the server. Workstation is the often the first target the hacker will try to access because from there, he can learn virtually the network environment and security loopholes to attack the server. He will use the workstation as the stepping-stone to server-level break-in by stealing administrator passwords.METHODOLOGYFigure 44. Steal Password Workstations4.1 Users Login password4.1.2 Obtain password illegally4.1.1 Social engineering4.1.1.1 Share password4.1.1.2 Phishing4.1.2.2 Find indite password4.1.2.1 Steal password4.1.2.1.2 Install keyboard sniffer4.1.2.1.1 Obtain sniffer rig fileAND4.1 Users Login PasswordCompanies must know that hackers not only interested in the corporate data, they are also interested in the employees personal data such as bank account, credit card, email addressand others. To break into the workstation, hackers will need to know the users login password.4.1.1 Social EngineeringSocial engineering is the method of non technical hacking into the system by manipulating people through social interaction via email or phone to reveal their password.4.1.1.1 Shared PasswordIt is very common for employees to share computer password with their colleagues. Sometimes in their absence in the office, they will usually call one another to help them login to the computer to retrieve some information.4.1.1.2 PhishingHacker can create an email or instant messaging with attach fake website link which looks almost the same as the real one to lure the user enters their personal details such as username, password, credit card details and banking credential. All these information will be sending tothe hacker.4.1.2 Obtain Password IllegallyWeak p assword makes hacker to obtain password illegally and faster. Cyber attackers will steal the password by infect the workstation with trojan. Basically there are three types of trojan attackers can use to steal the password namely keyboard sniffer, login spoofing and password stealer. When attacker install the keyboard sniffer program which will monitor each keystroke the user has entered and this program generate the sniffer output file which send to the attacker. Sometimes hacker can pose as companys guest to access the premises. Upon entering the office, he will lookfor password which the employee create verbally on a piece of paper and paste it around the working cubicle.CONCLUSIONCompanies are constantly at risk of losing sensitive corporate data. In this report,we have use the attack tree model to analyse various attacks method the attackers use to steal sensitive information on the server, network attach storage device, router and workstations. The most common and easier meth od is to obtain the users password by learn the password, use widely common password, dictionary attack, shared password, phishing, find written password and steal passwords. Cyber attackers and novice hackers are usual like to steal the passwords by downloading keyboard loggers, passwords cracking software, keyboard sniffers and others which are available on the website to test on their skill.Management should implement counter measures to prevent hackers to attack their system and security breaches. We recommend antivirus program to be installed onthe workstation and server as they are utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool which is not enough for the prevention of the cyber attacks.Local group policy of the password needs to enforce on the networking devices, workstation and server so that the password is not being easily crack by the hackers.Lastly, passwords should be set minimum 8 characters and contain alphanumeric and symbols for complexity.In conclusion , steal password is the easiest method for hackers to attack the computer system because local authorities might face difficulties in tracking them down if they are distant hackers.GLOSSARYAttack tree Attack trees provide a formal, methodical way of describing the security of systems, based on varying attacks. Basically, you represent attacks against a system in a tree structure, with the goal as the root node and different ways of achieving that goal as leaf nodes. (Source http//www.schneier.com/paper-attacktrees-ddj-ft.html )Social Engineering In computer security, social engineering is a term that describes a non-technical kind of intrusion that relies heavily on human interaction and often involves tricking other people to break normal security procedures.(Source http//searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci531120,00.html )3. Phishing Phishing is a technique of fraudulently obtaining private information.(Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(se curity)Pretexting )4. Keyboard Sniffer A program which reads the keystrokes made by a user and transmits them tosomeone else. Such programs are usually used by intruders into computer systems in order tocapture important information such as passwords.(Source http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O12-keyboardsniffer.html )5. RFC Short for Request for Comments, a series of notes about the Internet, started in 1969 (when the Internet was the ARPANET). An Internet Document can be submitted to the IETF by anyone, but the IETF decides if the document becomes an RFC. Eventually, if it gains enough interest, it may evolve into an Internet standard. Each RFC is designated by an RFC number. Once published, an RFC never changes. Modifications to an original RFC are assigned a new RFC number. (Source http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RFC.html )

Muffin Break Marketing plan and Financial considerations

gem operate Marketing plan and Financial considerations gemstone queer ordain begin its operations as on January 2010 under the corporation named Tea-stores Inc. This would be a start-up bakery and coffee retail establishment which would be touch on on MM Alam road. gemstone fault would be offering coffee from conglomerate countries and there would be array of pastry products available, these would attract a quick customer base and offer the residents of Lahore a variety in tastes.Muffin Break aim to be a strong player in the eating place industry of Lahore, this would be due to the experience of the owners and due to the low competition in the trade.Muffin Break would be offering its products at a competitory price to meet the demands of the middle-to-higher income residents of Lahore, especially students who seem to be a large target market for restaurants.The CompanyTea Stores Incorporated has its headquarters in Karachi. Its as owned and managed by quartette partner s.Ms Saniya Malik has extensive in gross sales and marketing, Ms Hajra brings experience in finance, Ms Benish has been the HR manager in some(prenominal) well established multinationals and would be using her experience for the management of the company and Ms Saba has been a culinary expert and has all the know-how of how food items should be presented.Products and go offeredMuffin Break offers a broad range of snacks and drinks for its target market.There would be a wide array of coffee and espresso products, using coffee beans from various countries such as Brazil and Columbia.There would be fresh bakery and pastry products that would be made at all times of the day. Since were aiming for youngsters there would to a fault be various salads available for the youngsters and diet conscious people to select.Some of the primary products would be hotdogs that will be regular, foot-long hot-dogs and barbeque sauce served on specialism home made buns.Muffin Break would also be offer ing side dishes and deserts such as coleslaw, French fries, Onion Rings, potato chips and cookies. grocery store abridgmentThe caf and restaurant industry in Pakistan has been experiencing a rapid growth.The increased awareness amongst the urban population for a cuisine that has various cultures bl fetch uped in it, it has made it compulsory for any caf to offer the best taste from various countries.Muffin Break wants to establish a large regular customer base, and will therefore concentrate its business and marketing on local residents which for now would be the Lahori population, which will be the dominant target market.This will establish a healthy, consistent revenue base to ensure stability of the business that has just started its operations.In addition, the student traffic is expected to comprise approximately 35% of the revenues. luxuriously visibility and competitive products that set out a variety of tastes, ingredients, side orders etc and service are critical to captu re this segment of the market.Marketing PlanMuffin Break would be using a variety of methods to advertise this includes direct mailings, flyers, mailer coupons, and door hanger menus. Initially, their planning to offer students a discount card this would increase the sales their generating from students.Muffin Break plans to use an innovative customer survey card/ visitor log this would help it in maintaining a database of its customers and this would eventually help in generating a mailing list.Keeping its student target market in mind, Muffin Break is also planning to sponsor events organized in universities such as Lums, LSE, BNU and UCL. This would also give the caf a medium to distribute its door hang menus so that there is increased awareness about the new caf thats opened in Lahore.V. Financial ConsiderationsMuffin Break plans to open its business with a Rs. 5,000,000/- capital. A capital of Rs4,000,000/- would be raised by the partners, and the remaining Rs 1,000,000/- would be raised by borrowing a bring from the Bank of Punjab.All the four partners would be investing an equal sum of capital which in this case would be Rs1,000,000 per partner.The loan being taken from Bank of Punjab would be under its Karobar Barhaou loan products available, an lodge in rate of 10% yearbook would be charged on the loan that would be paid in 3 years. Payments for this loan are set by the bank at Rs110,000 that has to be paid quarterly 4 payments in 1 year.This would tin Muffin Break with its initial start up capital, which is highly crucial.One of the partners uncles restaurants had just closed down in MM Alam and now Muffin Break would be using this premise for its caf, although it does need immediate renovation which would be included in the start-up expenditure.Muffin Break anticipates in its first year an annual sales of Rs 4,910,000, followed by sales of Rs 5,670,000 and the third year sales would be Rs 6,550,000.As far as breakeven is concerned there are hi gh chances that Muffin Break breaks even in the fourth month of its operations as its sales would be rising steadily.Profits would be approximately Rs 130,000 at the end of year 1, Rs 360,000 at the end of the year 2 and Rs 460,000 for the year ended 3.Assumption The initial start up revenue expenditure has been accounted in the poise sheet under the heading of current assets.The long term asset that Muffin Break has to immediately purchase is a generator, so that its high caliber customer service does not get hindered by any electicity shortages. This has been accounted for the 3 years since Muffin Breaks inception in its fixed assets.Sales ForecastMuffin Break is in its initial few years hoping to generate most of its sales from its different from the rest hotdogs that would confuse the student market craving for more.The conterminous area it seeks to penetrate is the coffee segment, and the caf wants its own people to make the coffee which is why no coffee machine would be bo ught.Assumption The prices herein have been set using market analysis the caf that have been used for this forecast are CTC, Jammin Java, Hotspot, Espresso and Gloria Jeans.Cost of sales have been assumed 15.63% which is again as per the market analysis.HR ExpenditureSince Muffin Break wants to stand out from the rest of the cafs its ensuring that it has the best and educated servers, chefs that have great expertise and credibility would be hired, thus a great amount of investment would be made in hiring the right type of people for Muffin Break.Assumption Here we have specifically used only the estimates of Gloria Jeans, that works a lot on its customer service. These are the annual HR expenditure.An interest rate of 10% has been charged by the Bank of Punjab.The tax rate prevailing on restaurants in Pakistan are 12%.It can be seen that over the years Muffin Breaks sales are steadily growing, although this is couples with the increase in Total operating Expenses.Muffin Break has re ceived a loan of Rs 1,000,000 from the Bank of Punjab.The interest rate charged is 10% although a payment of Rs 110,000 has to be made in every quarterly payment, this includes both the principal repayment as well as the interest payment.This loan would be according to Muffin Breaks estimations be paid by 2.75 years even though the bank has offered a 3 years period.Pro-forma change Flow StatementThe cash receipts are mainly generated from the sales of the restaurant.The cash flow expenditure is based on the cost of goods sold.The only fixed asset for which there has been an investing activity is the purchase of a generator.The cash flow principal payment on a loan is the summation of four quarterly principal payments.The cash figure has been calculated in the cash flow statementThe owners capital would be the same throughout the years, unless theres an investment made.The well-kept earnings these include the profits that have been invested by the Parent Company Tea-stores Incorpora tedThe other current assets estimate has been assumed using the market analysis.NPV ANALYSISThe NPV analysis has been used to show the feasibility of this caf, whether the bank or other prospective investors should invest in it.It shows the present vales of the future cash flows, for this NPV estimation has been make using the WACC.The Wacc has been found using the Capm Model.Since the NPV has turned out positive this project should be taken, as it promises high profitability.An IRR calculation also suggested the internal rate of come back of this project was highly positive that makes it a highly lucrative investment.

Business For the Glory of God | Book Review

Business For the Glory of God Book ReviewFor this assignment we ar to read the book by W. Grudem, Business for the Glory of God The Bibles instruct on the Moral Goodness of Business. Mr. Grudem explores the Christian side of tune which gives an elaborative explanation of what one might encounter. He clearly shows that in all the diverse aspects of business, which includes profit, ownership, money, lending, borrowing, and competition. Overall, the originator clearly illustrates that people who persist in the business world are generally made to feel guilty, because few people mean instinctively of business as deterrent examplely reliable in itself. (11). The main purpose of the book was to demonstrate that the various aspects of business activities are good and these good things will overly bring atmosphere to God.Book ReviewBusiness people are an imitation of Gods character by representing Him on earth through the approach of various business activities. Grudem reflects o n each of the chapters categories, and clearly illustrates how each of the activities fall into these categories which represent a unique opportunity to bring Gods glory to the forefront private ownership, productivity, employment, commercial-grade transactions (selling and buying), profit, using money as means of exchange, producing inequalities in possessions, competition, borrowing and lending, and the reduction in the worlds poverty. In private ownership, this is where a person would imitate Gods reign through the exercise of mankinds sovereignty over the creation. When a person cares for worldly possessions, Mr. Grudem makes an argument about(predicate) people having the chance to imitate certain characteristics of God such(prenominal) as wisdom, knowledge, beauty, creativity, love for differents, kindness, bazaarness, independence, freedom, exercise of will, blessedness (or joy), and so forth (20).When people have the desire to have their own things is non necessarily bad , only it is a representation of our overall desire to be ruler over things. The topic of private ownership also gives people the opportunity to do wide things with their resources by sharing them with those who are in need so that new(prenominal)s place see God in different ways. The word subdue in the book of generation implies to the greater good of human productivity. The main point to remember is that God expect for people to work hard at developing the world for Gods glory and for the sake of mankind. In reference to manufactured products, Mr. Grudem states, give us opportunity to praise God for anything we look at in the world around us (26). Typically, any item that is manufactured allows people to discover the wonders of Gods creation in the things that we have been able to make from the earth (27). When a person does productive work, this takes on the meaning of subduing the earth and it makes the resources of the earth useful for everyone.In reference to the rejection s of Marxism, Mr. Grudem states, the Bible does not view it as evil for one person to hire other person and gain profit from that persons work (31). The Bible teaches us that employee to employer relationships are generally good and they are equally beneficial (Luke 314 107 1 Tim. 62). A relationship at the employment level can provide a context for mutual appreciation for the affairs and gazump of other people. The good of an employer can be easily seen by employees through hard work, and the opposite can be achieved from an employers perspective by issuing fair pay for a hard days work. Mr. Grudem made rough observations about commercial transactions and he realized they has been a normal part of purchase order since the very beginning (Lev. 2514). The Bible teaches us that selling and buying are ethically right, because they both provided an opportunity for people to do great things for other people by providing the thing they need. People often imitate God in places where t hey practice honesty, faithfulness to our commitments, fairness, and freedom of choice. (37).The use of money and profit are great, because they both entail that one has produced whatsoeverthing beneficial to others who desire exchange. Not only is profit a clear indication that one is making efficient and great use of resources from God, but it also is encouraged in the teachings of Jesus Christ (Matt. 2514-30). Money ultimately sets us apart from any animal kingdom, but in such a way as a tool, which makes voluntary exchanges more fair, less wasteful, and far more extensive (49). Money and profit can provide opportunities to beatify God by meeting our needs and those of others, providing charity, expanding our stewardship, and promoting the mission of the church throughout the world.Even though reading this book may expect as an unfamiliar language to close, Mr. Grudem illustrates how the inequality of possessions is fundamentally good and also pleasing to God. Passages in the Bible such as Luke 1917, 19 2 Corinthians 510 establish the fact of designed inequality, and many other passages from both the Old and the New Testaments. The author explains that inequalities are necessary in a world that requires a great variety of tasks to be done (52). In chapter 7, the author rejects arguments from a biblical perspective in favor of Christian communitarians, redistribution policies, and health and wealth teachings.The chapters about competition, borrowing and lending are basically a summary of the wealth producing topics. These chapters give an in-depth explanation about the good of competition, because it guides society in assigning jobs to those who are best suited for those jobs (62). In common business practices, competition can also decrease the prices of items over time, while in fling increasing the living standard for everyone. The author also notes that the Bible has no absolute prohibition on loans, but he also assumes them as a way of life. There have been many biblical discussions around loans, which focuses on the abuse and misuses of the process, not the actual establishment of the loan. There is a good precept behind why charging interest is not only necessary for institutions jeopardizing the use of their money with others, but also how it can be reversed to help other people.Lastly, the goes on to discuss the necessity of moral goodness among the business people in an economy in order for things to operate more smoothly. This type of moral formation of a person would often lead to an overall greater respect for the dignity of mankind, and the increasing desire for their activities to bring not harm, but good to others while at the same time bringing glory to God. Mr. Grudem then goes on with an explanation at the very end of each chapter about how virtually business activities have great potential for misuse and wrongdoing because we live in a time occupied by entrepreneurs with a sinful nature. The sins of some peop le in business, however, should not make us assume all business activities are morally wrong.In my honest opinion, Mr. Grudem made great points about the abuses of business, and the ways in which we idolize success and money and become cordial by losing sight of the truth that everything belongs to God. The author continued to make comments throughout the socio-economic class of the book on the concerns to balance the view, but the real wealth changing information comes from the fact that business practices can be glorifying to God. He also mentions in the text that we should not feel guilty about business, but we can take this as a stepping stone towards our common goals. The author explored the various topics that most business professionals have to deal with on a daily basis at work. He does an excellent explanation of the most common misconceptions about work and business, and then offers a way to look at everything from a different perspective.Mr. Grudem goes on to show how bu siness is good and how it can be used to glorify God. Although this book was enjoyable and easy to read, this book was also very thought provoking and even life changing so to speak. I really could not find a bad point about the book and it was packed with plenty of insight about the moral nature of business. The thing I did not like was with his arguments, while most were very well written, are poorly supported with only a few bible verses and almost no logical system whatsoever. In one section, he states that since Jesus gave laws on how employers should treat their employees, and God approves of hiring people and being an employer is good. On the other hand, he does not mention anything at all about the Sabbath, and this could cause someone to believe God also approves slavery. I honestly support keeping people gainfully employed, but some of the arguments in the book were lacking supporting facts.In conclusion, I truly enjoy reading this book and I would highly recommend it to a ny Christian who is working in the business world. I think the long term solution that the author proposes involves starting and maintaining a productive business organization. I think as these businesses are pursued to Gods glory, the positive effect of creating commerce and employment should also have a domino effect where the ability and the economic military position of people should continue to prosper in ever-widening circles. Lastly, I feel this book does a great job of illustrating how everyday Christians can have a calling to business and in the midst of pursuing it they can continue to glorify God, bless others and reflect His attributes. When it comes to money, work, finances and business, Ephesians 65-9 makes a great point when it states,Slaves, practise your earthly masters with deep respect and fear. Serve them sincerely as you would serve Christ. Try to please them all the time, not just when they are ceremonial you. As slaves of Christ, do the will of God with al l your heart. Work with enthusiasm, as though you were working for the Lord rather than for people. Remember that the Lord will remunerate each one of us for the good we do, whether we are slaves or free. Masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Dont threaten them remember, you both have the same Master in heaven, and he has no favorites.

banks :: essays research papers

If much of contemporary literary theory emphasizes the cultural production of class, race, and gender in American illustration, contemporary fiction that utilizes the resources of narrative minimalism to explore issues of cultural division - fiction by such writers as Raymond Carver, Toni Morrison, Susan Minot, and Russell Banks - increasingly provides the context for critical debate. The refusal to elaborate plot or to use plot to suggest a narrator who controls interpretation, becomes itself a strategy that allows the ratifier to observe clearly the boundaries between the storys minimal plot and the way the socially produced narratives invoked by the story enforce cultural division. If we conceive of narrative as the establishment, for the reader, of a network of expectations within a frame of contingency, then perhaps no expectation is more fundamental than that of intelligible action the progression of story through chronological time, which we commonly refer to as plot. In a cosmea where the possibilities of plot express unattainable desires on the part of a narratives characters, however, the readers desire for a resolution of plot into meaning is thwarted, and the resultant anxiety the reader feels underscores his or her complicity with the frustrations and incoherencies of the characters, lives. These incoherencies resist sentimental assimilation into the readers aesthetic imagination. The resultant daydreams and wish-fulfilling fantasies display, as Fredric Jameson argues, the otherwise inconceivable link between history and desire (182). Russell Bankss Black Man and blanched Woman in Dark Green Rowboat" presents precisely such an evasive narrative, one whose very evasion establishes a dialogic relationship between the reader and a cast of characters whose lives display the wreckage of the larger cultural narratives that marginalize them. In effect, Bankss minimalism accentuates the missing cultural narratives that have written the characters into the margins."Black Man and uncontaminating Woman" does, of course, present things that happen. The story opens with an apparently random variety of people who live in a trailerpark commencing their days. The reader is not immediately aware that the coloured man and the white woman are the focus of the story. They gradually emerge from the narrative background, and the story follows them as they row onto the lake, converse laconically, and row home. The sense of cryptograph happening is created in the context of their desire, both their physical desire for each other and their desire to construct plots that might provide a meaningful expression to their lives.

Early Civilizations Essay -- essays research papers

Early CivilizationsFrom 3000 BC to 1500 BC four civilizations arose that historians to this day marvel at, the Egyptians, the Sumerians, the Indus River Valley people, and the Shang dynasty in China. They all had great accomplishments in government, and religion and inventions. While they had their own different civilizations many similarities arise, such as depending on the river and their polytheistic religions. They had very isolated civilizations with the exception of the Sumerians. The geography, religion, and their governments all contributed to their success as a civilization. The Egyptians were situated in northern Africa around the Nile. The Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Nubian Desert, and Libyan Desert were the natural boundaries that made the Egyptians very isolated. Also, the Indus River valley civilization was earlier isolated, with water to the east and west, the Hindu Kush and Himalayas to the North. The monsoons that are seasonal flood the rivers. The Shang dynasty w as situated in China over the Yellow River. On the contrary the Sumerians were not isolated at all in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia was in the Fertile Crescent, which was why many invaders invaded their land, ultimately crushing them.The polytheistic religions of the early civilizations were rather similar. The Egyptians had pharaohs, which were considered to have a g...